AAC Basics
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What does AAC mean?
AAC means Alternative and Augmentative Communication; that is, any method that an individual uses to communicate in addition to, or as an alternative to, oral speech or sign language. (Sign language can also be a form of AAC, when it is not a person's native or primary language.)
Examples of AAC include, but are not limited to:
- picture icons
- communication boards
- communication books
- writing
- eyegaze boards
- message switches
- electronic and digital communication devices with voice output
- "unaided" communication strategies such as gesture, sign language, body language, and facial expression
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How does AAC use affect my child's oral speech development?
Many families and supporters of individuals with communication challenges worry that using AAC will prevent possible oral speech development. In fact, research has consistently demonstrated that AAC use has no negative effect on speech development, and may lead to improvements in speech/language outcomes. You can find a list of research articles below, as well as a video by SLP and AAC Specialist Rachel Madel.
Research articles:
"The Impact of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on the Speech Production of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Research Review" by Diane C. Millar, Janice C. Light and Ralf W. Schlosser in Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, April 2006, Vol. 49, 248-264. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021)
"Effects of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on Speech Production in Children With Autism: A Systematic Review" by Ralf W. Schlosser and Oliver Wendt in American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, August 2008, Vol. 17, 212-230. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2008/021)
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The Three Most Important Things to Know about AAC
1. The best way to teach an AAC user is by modeling,
not by prompting them to say things on their device. This may be counter-intuitive. You must learn to communicate the way your student is expected to communicate, and you must do it in front of them. To learn more about this, see "The AAC Calendar," any resource about "Aided Language Input" or "Aided Language Stimulation," or watch one of these videos.
2. SEE ME, SEE MY AAC.
An AAC user should have access to communication at all times. That means that some sort of communication system (pictures, communication book, device) should be with the student, no matter where they are. If it isn't possible to bring an aided system to a specific location (such as the bathroom, pool, or outdoors), then make sure there is an alternative system or strategy (waterproof pictures; playground communication board; signs or gestures known by everyone who works with the student, etc) in place for that location. If a student is not ready or able to manage their own system, it is never acceptable for that system to be left on a shelf or in a backpack so that the student doesn't have access throughout the day.
3. Communication = Relationship and Empowerment.
From the beginning, make your communicative interactions with AAC about relationship and empowerment. Model words and phrases that lead to FUN with another person (you), or CONTROL of the environment or interaction (also fun). You may be interested in teaching your child to ask for the bathroom, but that is not fun for them. They will be interested in phrases like OH NO (things falling) and GO UP (balloons, bubbles) and EAT (yummy snacks). See the AAC Calendar for other ideas.
graphic by Kate McLaughlin, theaaccoach.com
AAC in Home Routines
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Here are six resources for facilitating your child's AAC use during daily home routines.
1) Use (from PRC Saltillo) to think of core words and phrases that you can demonstrate right from the main page or screen of your child's AAC system. Core words are the words that are useful in almost any context, so they are important to learn as soon as possible.
(this is just one example from the chart)
2. Go to this page on this AAC website and scroll down to Home Communication Displays. These are home-specific communication boards designed to stay in certain areas (the fridge, the door to outside, the closet, etc) that you can download and use. Be sure to download and read letter explaining how best to use the displays.
3. Mealtime AAC activity pack: This is a fantastic set of activities and ideas provided by Sally Christian. It includes the activities excerpted below, and several others.
. .
4. AAC Modeling Tips for families (with video examples; very clear and thorough!)
from Assistiveware gives lots of ideas and examples for modeling and facilitating AAC at home. Scroll down to the second half for concrete examples with pictures.
6. I also recommend for parents from Assistiveware (maker of Proloquo2Go).
AAC Video Lessons
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Inspire; Don't Require:
This , and , and this , demonstrate how to help a child learn their communication device, without constantly making demands that might make them prompt-dependent and interfere with their spontaneous communication.
has one short video or activity each day to guide you through an essential concept in helping your child or student become a competent, confident AAC user. Learning to use AAC really is different in many ways than other methods of communication, so it takes some specialized instruction, and the more everyone around the AAC user is "on board," the faster and more easily and joyfully they can learn.
The links below will take you to the first three short lessons. Or you can skip ahead to any lesson you want to try. Each is a few minutes long, and has lots of links to video examples and teaching materials.
demonstrate how to use an AAC system effectively with your child or student. There are many short videos on a variety of topics. You can also work your way through their , where you'll learn important techniques about AAC in a step-by-step program. It's excellent, and free.
In Our Classroom We Do AAC!
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AAC Classroom Commandments
1. Make AAC tools always available - within arms' reach.
2. Use other communication and visual supports around the room (never rely on only one tool).
3. Model - Point to words on AAC as you speak.
4. Core word vocabulary displays are accessible and used by multiple people.
5. Teach core words, fringe and the alphabet on AAC.
6. Make communication meaningful, engaging and motivating.
7. Use some verbal and gestural prompts, but not full physical prompts (no hand over hand).
8. Pause and allow wait time. (Don't repeat prompts before waiting.)
9. Support students to communicate for a wide variety of reasons beyond requesting.
10. Teach ways to complain, protest, and express opinions and personality!
Adapted from Beenleigh Special School 2019
AAC Downloads
Common Mistakes
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'Do the best you can until you know better. Then when you know better, do better.'
—Maya Angelou
We all learn as we go, and here are some common mistakes in AAC teaching practices:
- Focusing on "I want ___." Watch to learn why this is not best practice.
- Asking questions for the AAC User to answer. (Instead, talk about what is happening.)
- Using hand-over-hand prompts. . And .
- Teaching only requests
- Allowing the communication device to be out of reach because the student "is not interested" or perseverates on a word or phrase